Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout1993 Parks & Recreation Subcommittee Carrolls WoodsOARROLLS FOODS 17_:.- HEETINS December, 20, 1993 it b�iilci� �i`v cN 4: ii.ai.k Bµu Lvfa tic. - k Fd LT -s�-s+,=1 ca�aia v «. Couch, -A ..o„o�u Uco..u� :��:tp�o.., Tom Reller Staff: Dave Bochtold, Rick Cook, Mark Joosten A volunteer buckthorn session was held on December 4th from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Between 15 and 20 people showed up to pull for 3 to 4 hours. The weather cooperated and a lot was accomplished in the area south- west of the exist;g lower trail. However, (Aue to the density of young trees, it was difficult to bring one o* the chippers in closer without damoging the trees. The farthest cuttings in the southwest corner were left until the proposed trail is cut and a chipper can be brought further back to help relieve the stress on the saplings. Discussion was held concerning the trail into the woods at the south- west access. It was decided the trail should be marked further south a;:d stay up on the ridge, crossing the dra_° age ditch to the ex`:.sting trail. Part of the lower trail would be eliminated and vegetation which grows well in that area will be planted. It was mentioned that it's difficult to have a sense of direction in reqards to exactly where the trail will be. Dave sa.d the city could.put together a drawing for the next meeting identifying the trail from poirt to point so each section is more visible and recognizable in discussions. The committee could then visualize each portioil of trail to be worked on. Mark said they could measure off they have -41ready marked and use the measure- ments of the proposed trail for comparison. In making a motion to have the proposed trim, MbVbe" furthtr ebuth; Deanna justified the change by saying that in relationship to this being a concept map, the committee feels that having the trail toward the north creates a problem. Because of the lowness this could actuallyr be a hazard. It could possibly be under water in the spring. We know where the high water marks are and so we can move the trail further south. ��Tith this being just a toncept, the committee took a closer look at it and felt this change could be made and continue the integr`�y of the trail system. ' Ed Howard furthered the moti�,a for the city staff to re -mark both trails by January loth to allow approximately a week's time for committee and park board members to review. The staff is to mark the trail to their best judgement of where the trail should be. Second the motion by Deanna Simpson. All in agreement. Lo-xtta gave a short summary of a visit she made to Air. Conboy's class at Rosemount high school. She thanked the students fox all the help they've given and invited them to the volunteer session scheduled for December 4th. She handed out two maps - one relating to the trails as they are now highlighting the areas they've been clearing, and the other CARROLLS WOODS COMMITTEE MEETING NOVEMBER 15, 1993 Members present: Mike Busho, Loretta Loesch Staff: Dave Bechtold, Rick Cook, Mark Joosten Buckthorn is being out above and below the new trail line just to the west of the Halloween trail loop. Once the buckthorn is out it will be easier to identify the exact placement of the trail. Herbicide is being used as the buckthorn is cut. The southwest access has been marked by the developer with a 22-24 ft easement going up to the woods. There is already one house built along the easement. Rick Cook and city crew have marked the south- west corner trail from the access point to the existing trail. Dave Bechtold will check with Bud Osmundson to check the final grading of the out lot on the southwest access. The next buckthorn cut has been scheduled for Saturday, December 4, from 9:00 am to 1:00 p.m., with the volunteers meeting at the hockey rink. Rick and crew will concentrate on cutting the buckthorn in the southwest corner. When this area has been cleared, the committee will walk through and approve/make changes to the trail that has been marked. Mark Joosten expressed concern that a part of the trail may be too steep. Committee approval will enable the city crew to proceed with excavating. Staff will insert an article in the paper and make use of the Park and Rec mailing lists in asking for volunteers. The Park and Rec hotline will also be used to verify time and date, or cancellation. (In case Of inclement weather alternate date will be the following Saturday, December 11.) Dave Bechtold contacted the school in regards to reforestation of the hockey rink entrance, adding a swinging maintenance gate, and/or a walking gate. Joel Sutter thought it was a good idea and a memo was faxed verifying this agreement with him. It was clarified for Dave Bechtold that all of the Halloween trail will be limerocked. The next meeting will be December 20th, at 6:30 p.m.. It will be a short meeting due io the Park and Rec Christmas get-together. We will address membership attendance and size of the committee. Meeting adjourned. CARROLLS KOODS COMMITTEE MEETING October 18, 1993 Members present: Ed Howard, Mik• Busho, Loretta Loesch, Dave Giliuson Staff: Dave Bechtold, Rick Cook, Mark Joosten, LaCelle Cordes, Deanna Simpson Committee and staff met in Carrolls Woods before their 6:30 meeting at City Hall to examine the new limestone trail. Half of the Halloween trail beginning at the hockey rink was covered with limestone. The other half was excavated and 4-6 inches of wood chips were laid down. It was the general consensus that the limestone surface was the preferred pathway. It will be easy to maintain and blends in well with the surrounding landscape. Either Shannon Park dedication funds or USPCI money may be used for development of the southeast entrance. The access has been identified by the developer by the absence of plotted lots. Northwest corner has been rough graded. Overheads of existing and proposed trails were viewed and discussed. - Parts of the southern trail could be eliminated. - Take advantage of some of the deer trails in determining a southern trail to most where the limestone ends on the western side of the "Halloween loop-. - Once buckthorn is down it wouldn't take much to carve a trail. - An aggregate trail is recommended for the south and southwest trail. Motion: Ed Howard - Rick Cook and crew will identify an acceptable trail from the southwest corner access point and follow through to link with the termination point of the aggregate trail already in. Seconded by Mike Busho. Motion carried. Dave Giliuson expressed interest in going with the city crew to map out the trail. Motion: Ed Howard - Dave Bechtold to make an inquiry with the school in placing a swing post or metal gate across the access at the school and identify areas to be blocked off using natural vegetation such as ivy or trees. Seconded by Mike Busho. Motion carried. Deanna Simpson addressed the committee expressing interest in becoming a member of the Carrolls Woods committee if there is a vacancy. Motion: Mike Busho - Would like to recommend to the Park Board that Deanna Simpson serve as a msmbsr of the Carrolls Woods committee to replace Ron Pederson. Seconded by Loretta Loesch. Motion carried. Motion: Ed Howard - Staff is to examine what vegetation is appro- priate to block traffic, serve as a fence, i.e. barrier, screen, at the entrance of the woods by the school; and cost of such. Seconded by Loretta Loesch. Motion carried. Next meeting of the Carrolls Woods committee will be held before the park board meeting, on November 15, at 6:30 p.m. CARROLLS WOODS CO"' ITTEE KRETINC SEPTEMHER 21O, 1993 Members preYont. Mike Busho, Ed Howard, Loretta Loesch, Tom Roller Staff - Dave Bechtold, Lacolle Cordes, Mark Joosten. 1. Ed Howard gucstioned the rationale of the decision to lay limestone on the south trail, and stated any deviation of the master plan should be very well documented. It was agreed that any work direction would be documented. Dave Bechtold said Dan Belting thought there really was no deviation to the plan. According to the minutes of the August 16th Park and Recreation meeting, "The master plan states that this trail should be eliminated because of stoop grade, etc. The 'etc' could mean the trail is too soft. Maintenance vehicles have gotten stuck in this trail." Z. Rick Cook and staff will write up any deviation to master trail as a project file. This will be added to the minutes of this meeting and brought to next months' meeting. An updated map of the trail will be provided by staff to better define accesses and trails. Motion was made by Mike Busho for Rick and city staff to go ahead and purchase limestone/rock and excavate the designated trail from the high school to the devil's pit located on the Halloween trail, providing project documentation. He should also go ahead with the purchase of the trail groomer. Motion was seconded by Loretta Loesch. All members voted aye and the motion was carried. 3. A date for more buckthorn chipping will be set for after the Halloween Party, as soon as time and staff permit. The city crew will apply Tordon as they cut. Next committee meeting will be held before the park board meeting, on Oetaher 18th, at 6:30 p.m. We will discuss the access point on the southwest corner of the park. WATER TRUCK VIL DUMMIES 65' FENCE • FRANKENSTEIN FATMAN REROD ' HAUNTED CAMPSITE ORGAN i CUTOUT DEVIL' PIT �y ;HORT FEN BACKDROPS WITCHES PODINING ROOM SCENE ( HWY 52 SIGN GORILLA CAGE' -WINDOW PUMPKIN/CAT CUTOUT -DOOR -BRICKWALL SCREEN /CHICKEN DUMMY HEARSE SIGN SHORT FENCE 1992 HAUNTED WOODS TRAIL CEMETERY CARROLL'S WOODS PARK SHORTFENCJE ezta�Sion OLD LADY & MAN GENERATOR 92 \S SUCKETHEAD SPACE SCENE HANGMAN SHIPPING CRATE WEST SIGN WOLFMAN SOUT NORTH TRICK OR TREAT /STER MON DAKOTA ELECTRIC EAST BUCKETHEAD 4 MOVING SKELETONS COFFEE CANS cep MOP HEAD coo (pink) AXEMAN SWAMI '',ENE SWIMMER a CRAB 0+ CAVE SCENE MAN ON WALL TUNNEL SHORT 24' FENCE BRIDE & FRANKENSTEIN / .o GENERATOR s� REROD \ GYPSY (G `ems o� or e +r e* ao 1 S �O LIGHTED REROD �cp ^� TROLLHUT MAD SCIENTIST & FRANKENSTEI SKELETON /HAUNTE TIRE CHILDREN AT PLAY BACKDROP C H CKDROP ' � `' SWING SIGN GAS MASK DUMMY SWINGING WITC TEETER TOT c TO LAN BAT WIZARD FENCE PLAYFUL BEARS ANCTUA�Y GORILLA W/ LADDE SPIDERMA (FIREPLACE -iILI AVE B' > POPULATION SIGNca • • 0 0 BUCKETHEAD DUMMIES �i • o > PIRATE SHIP I `n o VOLLEYBALL POLE WITH LIGHT •A• TOP SIGN RITE VAN ENTRANCE ORANGE SIGN SIGN IN COSTUMES 1 YELLOW ARROW SIGN RESCUE SOUA HALLOWEEN —�� PARTY ���� ENTRANCE HIGH PORTABLE TOILET ��-FOOD DONATION AREA .,KING ;RKING PUPPET WAGON LOT ROSEMOUNT F HIGH SCHOOL PARK w Lu HERE N p STUDENT CENTER �—' �-j 3 CRRROLLS WOODS COENITTEE HEFTING August 16, 1993 Members present: Mike Busho, Tom Reller, Dan Belting, Mark Joosten, Rick Cook, Dave Giliuson, Loretta Loesch 1. Mike Busho was elected chairperson of the Carrolls Woods Committee. Loretta Loesch was appointed secretary. Z. Rick Cook and the city crew were not impressed with the brush hog. It was not very maneuverable and caused too much destruction to the wood- land. Tordon has proven to be very effective against buckthorn in the test plot. There has been no new growth nor leaching to surrounding plant life. Tordon will be used on the remaining stumps. Rick Cook presented the following estimates to the committee: A. Trail groomer - Harley S-6 power box rake - works with existing loader - cost - $6563.59 B. Lime rock - For a contractor to come in and dig out 4-6 inches on a 2000 foot trail (Haunted Woods), haul in and lay 3/8 inch lime 1�.O_ would cost $14,030.75. For 600 tons of lime rock and delivery to site cost is $3,450. It was suggested that only half the lime rock be purchased (300 tons$1725) ad the = rock. This will cbeylaid kalong hecrew esouth trail rtake the xfrom tlayingion and lime the asphalt to the "Devils Pit" along the Haunted Woods trail. It was recommended that the south trail be kept as a maintained trail to allow for maintenance vehicles in park. The Tree Trust may be prevailed upon to provide labor in laying lime rock next spring. The following expenditures were approved by the Carrolls Woods committee: $ 15,000 encumbered funds to Carrolls Woods 6,563 trail groomer 1,725 300 tons lime rock 61711 balance $ 6,711 balance of funds 1,725 ear -marked for future lime rock 1,000 ear -marked for 2 brush cutters 50 applications for herbicides 3,936 balance I — We would like to save and earmark the balance of $3,936 for: - rental equipment - additional lime rock - signage - part time help - timbers (Note: After the Carrolls Woods meeting, the above figures were presented the Park Board for release of the encumbered funds. The Park Board approved and these will be presented to the city council on September 7th.) 3 . A picnic shelter will be placed on the grassy point of Schwartz Pond across from the high school baseball field. 4. The next meeting of the Carrolls Woods Committee will be held on September 20th, at 6:30 p.m. in Carrolls Woods. We will meet at the hockey rink. There will be discussion on future buckthorn removal. CARROLLS WOODS COMMITTEE MEETING July 19, 1993 Jaycee Park Shelter Members Attending: Loretta Loesch, Mike Busho, Dave Giliuson, Rick Cook, Mark Joosten, and Dave Bechtold The main topic was how to allocate the funds that our committee wiil be requesting to transfer within the Parks and Recreation CIP ($15,000). Rick showed us a video of a trail groomer and brush hog. We discussed these, as well as brush trimmers, part-time help and lime rock trails for the low areas on the Halloween trail, as well as the entire path. Approximate prices were discussed as well as recommendations from Rick and Mark. We decided that Mike Busho would submit a request for funds from the USPCI account for the trail groomer. Rick will get exact costs for both options on the limerock path. That is to have it hauled and put in place or to just have it hauled and to have our crew put it in place. The committee will meet again on August 16, 1993 at 6:30 p.m. and put a package together to submit to the City Council. Dave Giliuson :T\UtqE 19,33 IG EL) iM _�... ..-... Carroll's Woods Meeting April 19, 1993 another "Chipping Party" for May 1st from 1. It was decided to set up Rick Cook 9:00 to 1:00. Ron Pederson will contact RAHA for extra help. will obtain two chippers. t our 2. Discussion took place noto useusThereof ealslo �w0as an a understanding committee might have available e the money needs to be established. 000. to the Carroll's Woods Committee. that the Jaycees were to donate $5 A budget showing how we are to u suggestions were made: Trail conditioner $6,000. Additopunds al Several Handtools, herbicides, Crushed rock or fill for designated areas, dollars could be used to pay for wages for part time help, item listing item necessary to re -plant certain devastated areas. s p oss ble and including costs needs to be establishedas soon as presented to the Park Board for approval. 3. It was discussed that we cannot cut bdl down or work in the woods too much after Maylst do to the Oak Wilt problem. r q, Herbicides were discussed at some length. A concern. by Tom Reller expressed that "Tordon" does leach so Cro sbowat ddoeatnot hawe ve this ht kill was P a little more plants than we ► oodtah job to.Crossbow killing the buckthorn. We problem but does not do as gine the need Several test plots will be establis hedvaoriouseareas thatewerestreated and to designate someone to monitor weekly basis. document growth or die lack of growth on a continue working in the woods until the 5• The Parks Crew can only will move out of Carroll's Woods ballfields dry up. At that time they pave G. suggested that w except for normal maintenance of the trails•e will be review the various trails and deters 1 to look at wh h one what cnes are to be required in the near future and abandoned. 6. Next meeting May17, 1993. 6:30 P.M. J TO: Carrolls Wood Committee FROM: David J. Becht d irector of Parks & Recreation DATE: April 16, 1992 RE: Meeting of April 20, 1992 REMINDER: CARROLLS WOODS MEETING: APRIL 20, 1992 6:30 P.M. ROSEMOUNT CITY COUNCIL CHAMBERS (ONE HOUR PRIOR TO THE REGULARLY SCHEDULED PARKS & RECREATION MEETING:) This short memo is meant to serve as a summary of the meeting we held on March 16, 1992. Included also are a few of the points we will need to clarify and discuss at the meeting this coming Monday evening. April 20, 1992. MEETING OF MARCH 16, 1992 1. Committee telt that the former group that met to discuss and to develop the Carrolls Woods Master Plan would serve as the nucleus for this continuing committee. 2. Encouragement would continue to be given to the school district to attend and to become active participants in the committee and in the planning and development of the Carrolls Woods Park. 3. Additional people asked to serve would be limited to Dan Beitina and to Dan Nuebauer. It was noted that Mr. Nuebauer more than likely would not become a member, but rather to join us in giving professional input to the work we set out to do. 4. Rick Cook, the Parks Maintenance Supervisor, and Dave Bechtold, the Director of Parks & Recreation, would serve as in the role of facilitaters, representatives of City issues, etc., riot actual members of the committee. NOTE: this should be further clarified at the meeting of April 20, 1992. S. A president will be selected to lead this committee at our nexr. meeting. Any other offices such as secretary should also be discussed. 6. The meeting time selected was 6:30 P.M. on the same evening as the Parks & Recreation Committee meeting. (the 3rd Monday of each month) 7. Buckthorn issues were discussed with Dave Bechtold handing out information from the DNR etc. to the members. Mr. Belting also shared his thoughts about this subject. The conclusion drawn was that this will be a long term (never ending battle) to control the buckthorn growth. There were several processes for control identified. Included were the use of herbicides through various methods of application included with different cutting methods of the buckthorn plants. Rick Cook will bring a copy of the video tape of the Brush Hog to our next meeting. It is a brush cutting machine for use on a s-kidster loader that could be used in getting rid of buckthorn growth. 8. The concept of marking out sections of the woods for work and then to complete test (pilot) projects to check on which method might work the best was accepted. At our next meeting we will discuss this process in areater detail. Rick Cook and Dave Giliusons have volunteered the use of their back yards for the testing of the Brush Hog. If that if feasible we will move ahead with that idea. More discussion to be held on this at the next meeting. 9. Rick Cook and his staff will complete a test plot cutting in an area of the woods identified in Phase I of the master plan. They will bring photos and/or a video of the work to the next meeting. This test (pilot) plot is one of the ways that we will move ahead in checking methods to work on at this time. 10. Committee members all agreed that we must accept the tact that moving ahead with the development of this park should be done 1. knowing that this will be a long term project". The committee feels that there is much to be done! The process identified should be based upon needs of staffing, funding, volunteers, time estimates, phasing proposals identified in the Carrolls Woods Master Plan, etc.. MEETING OF APRIL 20, 1992 / 6:30 P.M. / ROSEMOUNT CITY HALL 1. PICK UP DISCUSSIONS FROM ITEMS OF LAST MEETING 2. SELECT PRESIDENT (AND OTHER OFFICES AS DEEMED NECESSARY) 3. VIEW VIDEOS uF RICK COOK 4. DISCUSS TEST PLOT CONCEPTS (INCLUDING THE ONE STARTED BY RICK) CARROLLS WOODS SUBCOMMITTEE MEETING February 22, 1993 6:30 p.m. MEMBERS PRESENT: Dave Giliuson, Loretta Loesch, Tom Reller, Mark Joosten, Rick Cook - Tom Reller reported on findings of chemicals. - Use Tordon and Cross bow and 96% diesel fuel. - Did not recommend use of EZ-Ject pellets. - Chemist from Dow Ilanco, Roger Gast, 525-2366. - Distributor, Terry Gardner, 456-9268 (purchase). - Apply chemical ASAP after cutting. - Call Terry Gardner for data sheets on Tordon. - The next committee meeting date has been changed from March 13, 1993 to March 20, 1993 at 9:00 a.m. until 12:00 noon. Members are to meet on the west side of the high school next to the hockey rinks to drag brush out of the woods to the chipper. The city will provide a chipper and 1-2 maintenance staff. Each committee member should bring gloves and one or two other people to help out. An alternate date has been set for March 27, 1993 from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon. Letters will be sent to the rest of the Carrols Woods Subcommittee members. 1 1 /4" to 2", anything smaller would be cut. Employer discretion will be used. Mark Joosten will be marking the trees. All trees other than buckthorn will be marked before cutting begins. A guildine staff will use when marking trees is that trees under 1 1 /4" will be cut. Next committee meeting is scheduled for March 20, 1993 at Carroll's Woods. f 3FOARY6, 1993 PRESENT LORETTA IAESCH MARK JOOSTEN(STAFF) DAVID GILIUSON MIKE BUSHO CATHY BUSHO ED HmmRD Recorder 1. Mark Joosten recommended a wood lot study be conducted with the DNR and that certain species of trees currently dying could provide funds in exchange for their wood value. He also recommended that the Carroll Woods Committee look to the DNR for input on possible reforestation plans. 2. Present committee members examined last years test plot and decided that city staff should beginning cutting buckthorn at the earliest time. It was decided that they should start cutting at last years test site and move South through the woods. To make the most of staff's time it was decided they should be concerned with tagging and cutting only at this time. The committee will look to employing volunteers to move and chip cut brush. 3. A meeting was scheduled for March 13, 1993 chipper to remove and chip buckthorn cut by staff. It was asked that each Carrolls Woods Committee Meamber bring two other individuals to assist in this task. It will be necessary to request that city staff provide assistance and the chipper for this project. 4. Mark Joosten and other city staff are to be commended for all they have done to date considering the limited direction provided. It was decided that the committee must provide written direction on what is to be accomplished and identify size and species to be retained or cut. 5. It was asked that Mark Joosten attended the February 22, 1993 meeting. He identified that he thought he should attend all future meetings. 6. Mark Joosten will continue to research possible herbicides and look at the most effective opportunities available. 7. A suggestion was made that this committee should search out opportunities to secure money from all sources to carry on the process established in the master plan for Carrolls Woods. At the same time raise public awareness of the problems and progress on the woods. The idea was raised that it will be necessary to lobby and demand that City Council prioritize and budget funds for the development laid out in the Master Plan for Carrolls Woods. 8. Attached is a list of items that need to be addressed at the February 22, 1993 meeting. 9. Next Meeting is scheduled for February 22, 1993 at 6:30 at Rosemount City Hall. ATTACF= ITEMS THAT REQUIRE ACTION 1. Insurance question of using volunteers (Ron Pederson) 2. Update on possible herbicides (Tom Reller & Mark Joosen) 3. Should we perform a Wood Lot Study? 4. What species and what size should be saved? 5. Report on Available volunteers (All committee members) 6. Development of a supervisory and safety plan for all volunteers working on the woods. 7. Method of documenting what is performed on the woods for historical records and development of future plans. 8. Identification of equipment needs for staff and volunteers that currently are not available. Look to donations or city funds to secure equipment shortages. 9. Define in writing direction to staff and volunteers what is to be accomplished, and sequence these events. 10. Obtain binders with information on Carroll Woods for all committee members use (Dave Bechtold). CARROLLS WOODS COMMITTEE MEETING JANUARy 19, 1993 MEMBERS PRESENT LORETTA LOESCH TOM RELLER RICK COOK DAVID GILIUSON MIKE BUSHO RON PEDERSON DAVE BECHTOLD ED HOWARD Recorder 1. It was decided that this committee will be a free standing panel that will provide input to the Rosemount Park Commission concerning Carrolls Woods. 2. Dave Bechtold offered to provide all committee members with binders containing information on Carrolls Woods for their use. 3. Dave Bechtold informed committee members that the city is providing $1500 for herbicides and $3000 for rental equipment such as the Brush Hog. 4. It was identified that the Park Department has five maintenance people to perform all park improvements, maintenance and work on Carrolls Woods. 5. Rick Cook pointed out the best time to utilize city staff in the woods would be from the end of February to possibly the end of April. 6. Tom Reller is going to work with Mark on possible herbicides and look at the most effective opportunities available. 7. A suggestion was made that this committee should search out opportunities to secure money from all sources to carry on the process established in the master plan for Carrolls Woods. At the same time raise public awareness of the problems and progress on the woods. The idea was raised that it will be necessary to lobby and demand that City Council prioritize and budget funds for the development laid out in the Master Plan for Carrolls Woods. 8. Ron Pederson offered to talk to the city insurance people to find out the in what capacity volunteers could be employed on projects for the woods. 9. It was decided that the committee will meet at the old hockey ring on February 6, 1993 at 10:00AM to define a test plot and procedures to be employed this year to control and eliminate buckthorn in Carrolls Woods. At this meeting we are to determine the number of people to utilize, tools, and procedures for this years project. 10. It was suggested that we enlist support and aid for this years projects from such groups as the Rosemount Chamber of Commerce, JCs, hockey committee,Boy Scouts of America, Lions Club, Knights of Columbus, Rosemount High School and Rosemount Vo-Tech. 11. Next Meeting is scheduled for February 22, 1993 at 6:30PM at the Rosemount City Hall. TO: Carrolls Woods Committe FROM: David J. Bechtol - &Pctor DATE: December 29, 199 RE: January 18, 1993 Meeting of Parks & Recreation Due to a heavy work load this past summer there was not a great deal of time spent on the Carrolls Woods project. There were short discussions at the Parks & Recreation Committee meetings, however, they were basically to give updates on what had taken place during the preceding month. When meetings were held the main item for discussion was that of the buckthorn problem in this park. That remains a major concern to address. During the budget process for 1993 some dollars were requested in the general fund to assist with the buckthorn issues. Staff of the Parks Department did do some cutting of buckthorn and did some herbicide applications. Results of those efforts will be clearly identifiable this spring. The Parks & Recreation Committee feels that it is imperative to start the meeting process again. There is much to be done in the areas of funding, projection of projects that can be done, volunteerism, etc.. Although there is limited funding from the city budgets much can be accomplished when we all work together and combine our resources. The most important aspect of the meeting on January 18th will be to discuss priorities for the committee to address. As mentioned above this could deal with volunteerism, funding, project identification, etc.. It should also include looking closely at setting meeting goals and schedules. The Parks & Recreation Committee feels strongly that our committee should function as a "citizen committee" led by the Chairperson with support by way of input and involvement from city staff members. Plan to join the other Carrolls Woods Committee members on the evening of January 18, 19�93 at 6:30 P. M. in the Rosemount City Hall. I have enclosed information received from The Nature Conservancy that discusses some of the aspects of buckthorn and some methods of control attempted. (suggested) Others have faced similar problems with buckthorn that we face. Those that I have contacted have been willing to share their knowledge and ideas with us. The Nature (:vnservancy ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT For Rhamnus cathartica - Buckthorn, Common buckthorn Rhamnus frangula - Glossy buckthorn, Fen buckthorn, Alder buckthorn To the User: Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESA's) are prepared to provide The Nature Conservancy's Stewardship staff and other land managers with current management related information on those species and communities that are most important to protect, or most important to control. The abstracts organize and summarize data from numerous sources including literature and researchers and managers actively working with the species or community. We hope, by providing this abstract free of charge, to encourage users to contribute their information to the abstracts. This sharing of information will benefit all land managers by ensuring the availability of an abstract that contains up-to-date information on management techniques and knowledgeable contacts. Contributors of information will be acknowledged within the abstract and receive updated editions. For ease of update and retrievability, the abstracts are stored on computer at the national office of The Nature Conservancy. Each abstract has a Nature Conservancy office or program responsible for its updating and maintenance. The address and telephone number of the office is recorded on the first page of the abstract. Anyone with comments, questions, or information on current or past monitoring, research, or management programs for the species or. community described in an abstract should contact the Land Steward in the office responsible for that abstract. This abstract is a compilation of available information and is not an endorsement of particular practices or products. Please do not remove this cover statement from the attached abstract. The Nature Conservancy 1815 Norlh Lynn $free( - Arlington, Virginia 22209 -(703) 841-5300 PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE STEW-ABS-RESP MRO THE NATURE CONSERVANCY 328 E. HENNEPIN AVE. MINNEAPOLIS, MN. 55414 (612)379-2134 PREPARER CARMEN K. CONVERSE (same as above) NAME RHAMNUS CATHARTICA RHAMNUS FRANGULA (PDRHA00080) COMMON -NAME BUCKTHORN OR COMMON BUCKTHORN (R. CATHARTICA) GLOSSY BUCKTHORN, FEN BUCKTHORN, ALDER BUCKTHORN (R. FRANGULA) DESCRIPTION R. cathartica is a deciduous shrub or small tree two to six meters tal (Rosendahl 1970). Dull green leaves are ovate -elliptic, glabrous and minutely serrate. Leaf arrangement is alternate or subopposite (Barnes and Wagner 1981). Gray -black bark and twigs have prominent lenticels. Glabrous twigs may be tipped with sharp stout thorns (Rosendahl 1970). Two to six greenish -yellow flowers, having four petals are born in axillary umbels and are fragrant (Barnes and Wagner 1981). R. frangula is a shrub or small tree growing to seven meters (Rosendah 1970). Brown -green branches have elongate lenticels, and may be slightly pubescent (Soper and Heimburger 1982). Thin glossy leaves are obovate or elliptic with entire or obscurely crenulate margins. They are glabrous or slightly pubescent beneath and are usually alternate. Yellowish -green five parted perfect flowers are born in sessile umbels. HABITAT Range: R. cathartica is native to most of Europe except Iceland and Turkey; and grows in west and north Asia. R. frangula is native to North -Africa, Asia, and Europe, except Iceland (Bailey 1976, Polunin 1969). In North America, R. cathartica is naturalized from Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan, south to Missouri and east to Virginia (Soper and Heimburger 1982). R. frangula occurs from Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to Minnesota, Illinois, New Jersey (Soper and Heimburger 1982) and Tennessee (Kral 1981). Native Habitat (Europe/Asia): Native habitats of R. cathartica are diverse and include the understory of open oak (Leitner 1984, Tansley 1968), oak -beech, or ash woods (Tansley 1968, Hinneri 1972). It also occurs in riverine woods (Leitner 1984, Tansley 1968), thickets on exposed rocky sites (Hinneri 1972), hedgerows (Eldin 1968, Polunin 1969), pastures (Polunin 1969, Tansley 1968, Duffey et al. 1974) and alkaline shrub carr fens (Godwin and Bharucha 1932, PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 3 2. Exposed mineral soil providing a seed bed (Andreas 1983). 3. Fire supression and cessation of routine mowing (Godwin 19361 Curtis 1946, Vogl 1969, Godwin et al. 1974, White 1965, Zimmerman 1978, Moran 1981, Gawler 1983). BIOLOGY -ECOLOGY Reproduction: Natural reproduction is primarily sexual; asexual means are absent or insignificant. Plants of both species reach seed bearing age quickly (Godwin 1936). Flowers of R. cathartica may be polygamous, but are usually dioecious (Barnes and Wagner 1981) and bloom May through June during leaf expansion (Fernald 1950). R: frangula blooms in late May through September, after leaf expansion (Malicky et al. 1970). Flowers of R. frangula can blossom on current season's growth (Gleason and Cronquist 1963). In one known case, R. frangula bloomed and produced fruit on resprouts the same season it was cut (Brue 1980). The globose black drupes of R. cathartica ripen in August through September, and each contains three or four grooved seeds. The sub - globose drupes of R. frangula are red turning to black. They ripen in July through August and have two or three ungrooved seeds (Fernald 1950). Fruit production of both species is abundant each year (Hubbard 1974), but R. cathartica is apparently more productive than R. frangula (Lovely 1983, Hasselkus 1983). Dispersal: Fruit of both species is efficiently dispersed usually by starlings, blackbirds, woodducks, elk, mice (Ridley 1930), cedar waxwings, robins and blue jays. Mice are also seed predators (Godwin 1936). Apparently, few bird species readily tolerate the anthran- quinones (emodin) present especially in the immature fruit, preventing premature dispersal (Trail and Dimond 1979). R. cathartica retains fruit into, or throughout, the winter, whereas fruit of R. frangula more rapidly falls to the ground following ripening (Godwin 1936). Because R. cathartica fruit is retained on the plant longer and is therefore more visible to birds, seeds may be dispersed more fre- quently over longer distances than seeds from R. frangula. The importance of water dispersal is unknown, but dry fruit of R. cathartica can float six days and seeds float three days before sinking. Fresh fruit of R.,-frangula floats 19 days, and dry seed floats one week (Ridley 1930). This dispersal could be significant in areas of frequent and extensive fall and winter flooding. Horticultural distribution of both species increases seed sources for dispersal by the above vectors. Establishment: Germination of both species varies because seeds have either embryo or seed coat dormancy or both require strati- fication and scarification (Godwin 1936, Hubbard 1974, Tyszkiewicz and Dabrowska 1953). This variability is not necessarily consistent within a species (Hubbard 1974) such that germination could be opportunistic. PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 5 vigorous growth mostly by basal sprouting (Kornev 1952). Buckthorn affects the survival of co-occurring species. Other woody plants such as Viburnum opulus L. (in Europe) and Betula pumula L. ,may be replaced by buckthorn, or are unable to invade buckthorn thickets (Godwin 1936, Lovely 1982). The effects of buckthorn on herbaceous vegetation is uncertain. In Wicken Fen, dense thickets of both species altered herbaceous understory composition (Godwin et al. 1974). Cypripedium candidum Muhl. crown production decreased in the shade of woody plants in- cluding R. frangula in a Wisconsin fen (Lovely 1981). In an oak woods study, R. cathartica did not significantly alter herbaceous ground cover composition, but did limit growth of other woody seedling species (Leitner 1984, Brue 1980). EO-QUAL-DET << NO DATA >> THREATS << NO DATA >> LAND-PROT-SPECS << NO DATA >> RECOVERY -POT << NO DATA >> BIOL-MONIT-NEEDS << NO DATA >> BIOL-MONIT-PROCS << NO DATA >> BIOL-MONIT-PROGS << NO DATA >> RSRCH-NEEDS U RSRCH-NEEDS-COMM << NO DATA >> RSRCH-PROGS U RSRCH-PROGS-COMM << NO DATA >> MGMT-NEEDS Y MGMT-NEEDS-COMM Composition, especially of upland deciduous woods and of wetlands may be altered because of invasion of R. cathartica and R. frangula. These species are invasive for the following reasons: 1. They became widespread in North America when various PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 7 1978). If herbaceous vegetation exists beneath Rhamnus, fire effectively top -kills shrubs especially during dry weather (Godwin 1936). In most cases, however, groundcover is sparse beneath large shrubs or dense thickets, preventing fire spread unless conditions are dry and/or windy (Packard 1983). Resprouting usually follows top -kill, - especially in wetlands where moisture protects the basal crown (Godwin 1936). Harty (1983) found that burning an oak savanna on a two year rotation for R. cathartica control resulted in resprouting. A burning schedule to maintain vigor of native vegetation possibly prevents easy seedling establishment, unless seed sources are nearby. If seed sources are near burned areas, fire -exposed soils or peat probably are more readily invaded by seedlings than groundcover of unburned areas (Lampa 1984). In some wetlands, lack of flooding following burning has been shown to increase general woody plant invasion (Vogl 1969). Underplanting: "Underplanting" disturbed woods with native woody species is potentially effective to prevent primary invasion, or re -invasion of Rhamnus spp. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings have been planted in oak woods of the Morton Arboretum Illinois (Ware 1983), and the University of Wisconsin Arboretum (Kline 1983). Seedling success was poor in the Illinois planting. In Wisconsin, sugar maple that were 2 to 3 feet (0.7 to 0.9 m) up to 8 feet (2.4 m) tall in 1946 when planted, are 4 in. (10.2 cm) dbh (diameter breast height) and have basal areas of 0.8 sq. dm. The most invasive species in this planting has been red maple (A. rubum L.). Chemical: The following table summarizes chemical treatment. Best control possible results from the following treatments: 1. Stump application of 20% glyphosate in August/September (Kline 1983). 2. Wick application of 2-1/2 - 3% glyphosate in May (Lampa 1983). 3. Mist application of 2.4 kg/ha fosamine (ammonium salt) in September (Niehuss and Roediger 1974). 4. Frill application of Picloram (ready to use) during the growing season (Farrar 1983). 5. Basal application of 2,4-D in diesel fuel at 2-4% (Sannikov and Tykvina 1971) or 12.5% (Kline 1983) during the first half of the growing season. Some special features of herbicide use are as follows: 1. Without a surfactant, glyphosate should not harm non -target vegetation or surrounding watersheds when used in anaerobic. situations. It will degrade more slowly in anaerobic than aerobic conditions (Jackson 1984). 2. Effectiveness of fosamine (ammonium salt) may be related to downward translocation of plants preparing for dormancy (Niehuss PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 9 * combination of 2,4-D + 2,4-DP, each as 21.9% acid equivalent or 2 lbs/gal AMS Time Ref. Sp. Rate Appli. method appl. Place Results --------------------------------------------------------------------- Packard aqueous as stump painting year IL control. Best 1983 concentra- round control on fresh ted as cuts. possible -------------------------------------------------------------------- Glyphosate Lampa 2.5% to wick May- IL 90-100% control 1983 3% June Rhamnus frangula --------- Chapman ---------- 10% --------------- mist bottle, ------ Aug. ------- MI ----------------- control 1983 stumps less Rhamnus than 5 cm dbh frangula --------- Chapman ---------- 10% --------------- mist bottle, ------ Aug. ------- MI ----------------- resprouting 1983 stumps greater Sept. Rhamnus than 12 cm dbh frangula --------- Kline ---------- 20% --------------- stump ------ Aug/ ------- WI ----------------- 100% control 1983 Sept. Rhamnus cathar- tica (Res.Mgmt Notes) --------- Ware ---------- n.a. --------------- stump (cut fall ------ bud- ------- IL ----------------- control 1983 or spring) break Rhamnus to cathar- June tica Fosamine (Ammonium salt) Time Ref. Sp. Rate Appl. Method appl. Place Results --------------------------------------------------------------------- Pauly 14% Imist sprayer amid- I WI 160-70%. Recommend PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 11 States where this is being managed and some contacts: Illinois: Fran Harty Illinois Dept. of Conservation Forestry and Natural Heritage NE Illinois No. 8 Henson Place Champaign, IL 217/333-5773 Wayne Lampa Resource Naturalist Specialist DuPage Co. Forest Preserve Dist. Wheaton, IL 312/790-4900 Steve Packard The Nature Conservancy Illinois Field Office 79 West Monroe St., Suite 708 Chicago, IL 60603 312/346-8166 George Ware Research Director Morton Arboretum Lisle, IL 63502 312/968-0074 Indiana Iowa Ohio John Bacone Director of Division of Natural Preserves Indiana Dept. of Natural Resources 601 State Office Bldg. Indianapolis, IN 46204 317/232-4052 Donald R. Farrar Associate Professor Department of Botany Bessey Hall Ames, IA 50011 515/294-4846 Barb Andreas 216/292-2389 Michigan Kim Chapman Department of Biology PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 13 Sanctuary Part II. Green Bay, WI: University of Wisconsin; graduate credit project. Chapman, Kim. 1983 Dec. 6. Heritage Botanist, Michigan. Telephone conversation with C.K. Converse, The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office. Coenen, Linda. 1983 Nov. 29. Graduate student, Univ. WI -Madison. Telephone conversation with C.K. Converse, The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office. Curtis, J.T. 1946. Use of mowing in the management of white lady slipper. J. Wildlife Management 10: 303-308. Duffey, E.; Morris, M.G.; Sheail, J.; Ward, L.K.; Wells, T.C.E. 1947. Grassland Ecology and Wildlife Management. London, England: Chapman and Hall, Ltd. 281 p., Eglite, A. and Zile, M. 1957. (Destroying trees and shrubs with 2-4-D and 2,4,5-T Na salts.) (Latvian) Latvijas PSR Zinatnu Akademijas Vestis, Riga No. 3. Taken from: Forestry Abstr. 20(2): 246; 1959 (Abstract No. 1958). Eldin, H.L. 1968. A modern sylva or a discourse of forest trees: The smaller native broadleaved trees. Quarterly J. Forestry 62(1): 28-36. Farrar, Donald. 1983 Dec. 15. Assoc. Prof. Botany, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA. Letter to C.K. Converse, The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office. Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. 8th ed. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co. Forsyth, J.L. 1974. Geologic conditions essential for the per- petuation of Cedar Bog, Champaign County, Ohio. Ohio J. of Sci. 74(2): 116-125. Gawler, S.C. 1983. Shrub invasion in fens: a literature review. Madison, WI, Univ. WI; 13 p. Wetland ecology class paper; Dept. Landscape Architecture. Gleason, H.A.; Crouquist, A. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 810 p. Godwin, H. 1936. Studies in the ecology of Wicken Fen III: The establishment and development of fen scrub (carr). J. Ecology 24: 82-116. Godwin, H.; Bharucha, F.R. 1932. Studies in the ecology of Wicken Fen II. The fen water table and its control of plant communities. J. Ecology 20(1): 157-191. Godwin, H.; Clowes, D.R.; Huntley, B. 1974. Studies in the ecology of Wicken Fen V. Development of fen carr. J. Ecology 62: 197-214. Hanson, E.W.; Grau, C.R. 1979. The buckthorn menace to oat pro- PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 15 periods.) (French) Bull. de la Soc. Botanique de France. 118(3/4): 131-162. Taken from: Forestry Abstr. 34(4); 1973 (Abstract No. 2139) Leitner, L.A. 1984 Jan. 13. Letter and summary of research with Rhamnus cathartica sent to The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office from Univ. WI -Milwaukee, BotanyDept., 5 p. + 3 figs. + one char Leonard, O.E. 1963. Translocation of herbicides in woody plants. Proc. Soc. Amer. Foresters, 99-103. Lovely, D.M. 1981. Wingra Fen vegetation and hydrologic studies. Submitted to Friends of Univ. WI Arboretum, Madison, WI. 24 p. Lovely, D.M. 1982. Wingra Fen: 1982 report. Submitted to Friends of Univ. WI Arboretum, Madison, WI. 26 p. Lovely, D.M. 1983 Dec. 9. Personal communication at Univ. WI, Madison. McClain, William. 1983 Nov. 11. Heritage Botanist, IL Dept. of Conservation. Telephone conversation with C.K. Converse, The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office. Malicky, H.; Sobhian, R.; Zwolfer, H. 1970. Investigations on the possibilities of a biological control of Rhamnus cathartica L. in Canada: Host ranges, feeding sites, and phenology of insects associated with European Rhamnaceae. Z. angew Ent. 65: 77-97. Moran, R.C. 1981. Prairie fens in northeastern Illinois: floristic composition and disturbance. Stuckey, R.L.; Reese, K.J., eds. Proc. of the 6th North Amer. Prairie Conf. 278 p. (p. 164-168). Nature Conservancy. London. Toxic chemicals and wildlife section. 1962-1963. Studies on the side effects of arboricides. Extracted from Report. p. 72-73. Taken from: Forestry Abstr. 25(2); 1964 (Abstract no. 2325). Niehuss, M.H.; Roediger, K.J. 1974. Ammonium ethyl carbamoylphos- phonate: A new plant growth regulator for the control of undesirable brush wood species. Proc. 12th Brit. Weed Control Conf., p. 1015- 1022. Packard, Steve. 1983. The Nature Conservancy, IL Field Office. Telephone conversation with C.K. Converse, The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office. Parsons, Brian. 1983 Nov. 30. Naturalist, Holden Arboretum. Tele- phone conversation with C.K. Converse, The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office. Pauly, Wayne. 1984 Jan. 3. Dane Co. Naturalist, Madison, WI. Tele- phone conversation with C.K. Converse, The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office. Polunin, Oleg. 1969. Flowers of the World. London, England: Oxford University Press. Raulo, J.; Leikola, M. 1975. (Studies on the annual height growth PDRHA00050 TNC ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT 08/21/89 14:51:42 PAGE 17 530; 1958 (Abstract No. 4212). Zimmerman, J.H. 1978. Notes on Wisconsin prairie fens - charac- teristics and relationships. Glenn -Lewin, D.C.; Landers, R.Q. Jr., eds., Proc. of Fifth Midwest Prairie Conf., Dept. Botany and Plant Pathology, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA. 230 p. (p. 191). UPDATE 84-08-07 Illinois Nature Preserves Vo 1. 1, No. 5 Z4 Commission Approved 02/06/90 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE Exotic Buckthorns Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) Other names: European buckthorn, Hart's thorn, waythorn rhineberry Glossy Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.) Other names: Columnar buckthorn, European buckthorn Dahurian Buckthorn (Rhamnus davurica Pall.) SPECIES CHARACTER DESCRIPTION Common Buckthorn: This shrub or small tree reaches heights of 25 feet (7.6 meters); trunk diameter is up to 10 inches (25 cm); crown is spreading and irregular. Bark is gray to brown, showing a rough texture when mature. Twigs often are tipped with a spine. Leaves and bud scars are nearly opposite to opposite. Small black fruits up to 1/4 inch (0.6 cm) diameter and containing 3-4 seeds are typical. Leaves are broadly elliptic, rounded to pointed at the tip, and toothed. Both upper and lower leaf surfaces are smooth. Leaves stay green late into fall. Dahurian Buckthorn: Similar to common buckthorn, however leaves, on average, are longer than 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) and are more lance to elliptic in shape. Leaves are brown in fall. Glossy Buckthorn: This shrub or small tree reaches heights up to 20 feet (6.1 meters). No spine is present on the ends of hairy twigs. Leaves are alternately arranged and not toothed. The upper leaf surface is shiny, whereas, the bottom leaf surface is hairy. Leaves range from 1/2 to 3 inches (1.3 to 7.6 cm) and are more or less obtuse in shape. The fruit is red when young and turns black as it matures. Flower stalks are hairless or nearly so. Buds are long, with no bud scales. Leaves stay green late into fall. SIMILAR SPECIES Three native buckthorns are found in Illinois. Carolina buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana) is native to the southern one -fifth of Illinois and looks similar to glossy buckthorn. However, Carolina buckthorn grows to a larger size and its leaves are finely toothed and smooth on both sides. Alder buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia), found in northern Illinois, is a small shrub less than 3 feet (0.9 meters) in height. The twigs of this native buckthorn are hairless and have dark scales on the buds in winter. Lance -leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus lanceolata), a shrub up to 6 feet high (1.8 meters) EXOTIC BUCKTHORNS ' 3 of 6 CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDED PRACTICES IN NATURAL COMMUNITIES OF HIGH QUALITY As with all management, control efforts must balance improvement of the biotic community with damage caused by the management. It is always best to take the least damaging approach that will affect the desired control of an exotic. The following are effective control measures for exotic buckthorns. Fire is very effective in controlling buckthorns and is the preferred method whenever feasible. Regular prescribed fire will kill seedlings and shrubs of these species in fire - adapted upland and wetland (e.g. fens, sedge meadows, marshes) sites. Some control usually will be evident after the first burn. However, for complete control in established stands of buckthorn, burning yearly or every other year may be required for 5-6 years or more. Fire should not be used to control these species if the community will be affected adversely (e.g. some bog communities). To conduct prescribed burns, open burning permits must be obtained from the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and often the appropriate local agency also. Burns should be conducted by persons trained or experienced in conducting prescribed burns, and proper safety precautions should be followed. In wetlands, where the water table has been artificially lowered, restoration of water levels often will kill glossy buckthorn. Care should be taken not to flood sensitive communities by raising water levels higher than occurred historically. When burning is not feasible, larger trees can be cut or girdled and resprouts clipped as they occur. When using chainsaws and other power equipment, proper safety equipment and precautions need to be used. For safety recommendations refer to your chainsaw owner's manual. For girdling to be effective, use an ax or saw to make 2 parallel cuts 4-5 inches apart, cutting through the bark slightly deeper than the cambium. The bark is then either knocked off, using a blunt object like an ax head, or peeled away, using a blunt ax blade. Phloem should be removed without damaging the xylem. Girdles should be checked after a few weeks to make sure that bark does not develop over the cut area. Girdled trees take time to die and the results may not be seen until a year later. Basically, the tree is slowly starving to death. All suckers should be cut. In upland areas where burning is not feasible, cut stumps can be treated with Trimec (a formulation of 2,4-D, MCCP and Dicamba) or Roundup (formulation of glyphosate) to prevent resprouting. Trimec, an herbicide specific for broadleaf plants, should be diluted with an equal portion of water and applied according to label instructions. Roundup is non-specific and kills all photosynthetically active vegetation. Although the Roundup label recommends a rate of EXOTIC BUCKTHORNS 5 of 6 In wetland areas, buckthorn can be cut or girdled and the cut stumps treated with Rodeo as described above. Any resprouts should be cut and stump -treated again, or else hand sprayed with a 1.5% foliar spray of Rodeo herbicide. Care should be taken to avoid herbicide contact with nontarget plants. As with most exotic plant control projects, follow- up treatments may be needed. FAILED OR INEFFECTIVE PRACTICES No effective biological controls that are feasible in natural areas are known. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Robert M. Mohlenbrock and the Southern Illinois University Press generously permitted use of illustrations from their Illustrated Flora of Illinois. REFERENCES Apfelbaum, S.I. 1984. Buckthorn control with herbicide tested (Illinois). Restoration & Management Notes 2(1):36. Beste, C.E. 1983. Herbicide handbook, 3rd ed. Weed Society of America. Champaign, IL. 515 pp. Converse, C.K. 1985. Rhamnus cathartica and Rhamnus frangula. The Nature Conservancy Element Stewardship Abstract. 17 pp. Hefty, R. 1984. Buckthorn control with 2,4-D/2,4-DP (Wisconsin) Restoration & Management Notes 2(1):36. Klein, V. 1981. Control of honeysuckle and buckthorn in oak forests (Wisconsin). Restoration & Management Notes 1(1):18. Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. The Morton Arboretum. Lisle, IL. 922 pp. PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS Glass, Bill. 1989. Division of Natural Heritage, Department of Conservation, Springfield, Illinois. Laurie, Dennis. 1989. Lake County Forest Preserve District, Libertyville, IL. Packard, Steve. 1989. The Nature Conservancy, Chicago, Illinois. 57. Rhamnus cathartica (Common Buckthorn). a. Leafy branch, with Bowers, x'Y.. b. Staminate flower, x 12Vz. c. Fruit, x2Vs. d. Nutlet, x5. i � .11 • i • S8. Rhamnus davurica (Buckthorn). a. Leafy branch with fruits, x Vi. b. Stam- inate flower, x 5. c. Pistillate flower, x 5. d. Fruit, x I PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT SIGN IN SHEET SUBCOMMITTEE: GG�r ro [ 15 (-)Oog S MEETING DATE: 4 (C 9 3 (New members or guests - Please complete) NAME ADDRESS2IP/HOME PHONE (G = GUEST ) (M = NEW MEMBER) .�Y ,� J • 1t� 1 a 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Person in charge of the committee is to turn in this sign in sheet any any minutes or handouts distributed at the meeting to the Parks and Recreation Department. signin.93